![]() This way, the lines will be biased to known voltages and nodes will not interpret the noise from undriven lines as actual data without biasing resistors, the data lines float in such a way that electrical noise sensitivity is greatest when all device stations are silent or unpowered. The termination also includes pull up and pull down resistors to establish fail-safe bias for each data wire for the case when the lines are not being driven by any device. The value of each termination resistor should be equal to the cable characteristic impedance (typically, 120 ohms for twisted pairs). Termination resistors also reduce electrical noise sensitivity due to the lower impedance. Without termination resistors, signal reflections off the unterminated end of the cable can cause data corruption. Ideally, the two ends of the cable will have a termination resistor connected across the two wires. Biasing and termination values are not specified in the RS-485 standard. Typical bias network together with termination. If a star configuration is unavoidable, special RS-485 repeaters are available which bidirectionally listen for data on each span and then retransmit the data onto all other spans. Star and ring topologies are not recommended because of signal reflections or excessively low or high termination impedance. a line or bus, not a star, ring, or multiply connected network. The recommended arrangement of the wires is as a connected series of point-to-point (multidropped) nodes, i.e. The equipment located along a set of RS-485 wires are interchangeably called nodes, stations or devices. This allows RS-485 to implement linear bus topologies using only two wires. In contrast to RS-422, which has a driver circuit which cannot be switched off, RS-485 drivers use three-state logic allowing individual transmitters to be deactivated. Thus a 50-meter cable should not signal faster than 2 Mbit/s. As a rule of thumb, the speed in bit/s multiplied by the length in metres should not exceed 10 8. It is generally accepted that RS-485 can be used with data rates up to 10 Mbit/s or, at lower speeds, distances up to 1,200 m (4,000 ft). ![]() RS-485 supports inexpensive local networks and multidrop communications links, using the same differential signaling over twisted pair as RS-422. These characteristics make RS-485 useful in industrial control systems and similar applications. Multiple receivers may be connected to such a network in a linear, multidrop bus. Digital communications networks implementing the standard can be used effectively over long distances and in electrically noisy environments. The standard is jointly published by the Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA). Electrical signaling is balanced, and multipoint systems are supported. RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. Point-to-point, multi-dropped, multi-point ![]() Multidrop serial communication standard TIA-485-A (Revision of EIA-485)
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